Historians variously contend that Lao Tzu is a synthesis of multiple historical figures, that he is a mythical figure, or that he actually lived in the 4th century BC, concurrent with the Hundred Schools of Thought and Warring States Period.

A central figure in Chinese culture, both nobility and common people claim Lao Tzu in their lineage, widely considered the intellectual and spiritual successor of Lao Tzu, had a notable impact on Chinese literature, culture and spirituality.